Alito, Jr. He served as a law clerk for Leonard I. He was Assistant U. Department of Justice, —, and U. Attorney, District of New Jersey, — Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat January 31, She earned a B.
In , she earned a J. In , President George H. Bush nominated her to the U. She received an A. She clerked for Judge Abner Mikva of the U. Court of Appeals for the D. Circuit from and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U. Supreme Court during the Term. After briefly practicing law at a Washington, D.
Between and , she served as the Dean of Harvard Law School. She took her seat on August 7, Neil M. He and his wife Louise have two daughters. He received a B. He served as a law clerk to Judge David B. Kennedy of the Supreme Court of the United States. From —, he was in private practice, and from — he was Principal Deputy Associate Attorney General at the U. Sotomayor joined a finding in favor of the city of New Haven rejecting a lawsuit filed by 17 white firefighters and one Hispanic firefighter claiming race discrimination by the city.
New Haven denied promotions following a promotion examination that yielded no black candidates eligible for advancement.
In a decision, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the decision, stating the decision to cancel the promotions violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as well as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act , which guarantees equal employment opportunity.
The court found that Sotomayor's ruling would allow the city to "experiment" with tests until they found one that produced "a more desirable racial distribution. Sotomayor found in favor of environmental group Riverkeeper, which challenged an EPA ruling on the Clean Water Act's "best technology" rule involving power plants' need to intake water as weighed against the risk to aquatic life in surrounding waters.
In her ruling, she held: "Congress has already specified the relationship between cost and benefits in requiring that the technology designated by EPA be the best available. Bush R —Sotomayor found that the federal government is within its rights to deny federal aid to foreign organizations that support or perform abortions. She dismissed claims by the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy that the Mexico City Policy violated the First Amendment right to association as well as Fifth Amendment rights to due process and equal protection.
In her finding, Sotomayor cited the Foreign Assistance Act of , which authorizes the president "to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for voluntary population planning," as well as multiple Supreme Court precedents.
In her decision, Sotomayor wrote, "The Supreme Court has made clear that the government is free to favor the anti-abortion position over the pro-choice position, and can do so with public funds. In this case, Sotomayor found that an inmate living in a halfway house could sue a government contractor for forcing him to climb five flights of stairs despite a heart condition after the inmate suffered a heart attack, fell down the stairs, and injured himself.
Sotomayor held "extending Bivens liability to reach private corporations furthers [its] overriding purpose: providing redress for violations of constitutional rights.
The Supreme Court overturned Sotomayor's decision in a 5 to 4 ruling, stating that only individual agents, not corporations, could be sued for such violations. Sotomayor wrote several high-profile rulings regarding the Major League Baseball strike of , the Wall Street Journal' s publishing of the suicide note left by former Clinton White House counsel Vince Foster, and copyright issues related to a trivia book about the television show Seinfeld.
As a federal district judge, Sotomayor had one of her decisions overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case is often used in law schools as a modern application of the fair use doctrine. Sotomayor ruled in favor of The New York Times when it was sued by freelance journalists claiming the newspaper did not have the right to include their work in the electronic archival database LexisNexis.
Judge Sotomayor's decision to grant a temporary injunction against the Major League Baseball owners on March 31, , ended the day baseball strike of The injunction prevented the owners from installing replacement players and temporarily reinstated a five-year-old collective bargaining agreement allowing the season to take place and allowing players and owners to come to a new agreement nearly a year later.
In , Judge Sotomayor ruled in favor of the Wall Street Journal , allowing the newspaper to print a photocopy of the final note written by Clinton White House deputy counsel Vince Foster, who died in Sotomayor ruled that the public interest in the Foster story outweighed any violation of his family's privacy.
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Ricci v. DeStefano, F. Riverkeeper Inc. United States Environmental Protection Agency, F3d 83 Sotomayor found in favor of environmental group Riverkeeper, which challenged an EPA ruling on the Clean Water Act's "best technology" rule involving power plants' need to intake water as weighed against the risk to aquatic life in surrounding waters. Center for Reproductive Law and Policy v. Malesko v. Correctional Services Corporation, F3d In this case, Sotomayor found that an inmate living in a halfway house could sue a government contractor for forcing him to climb five flights of stairs despite a heart condition after the inmate suffered a heart attack, fell down the stairs, and injured himself.
Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. Carol Publishing Group, F. Tasini v. New York Times, et al, F. Supp Sotomayor ruled in favor of The New York Times when it was sued by freelance journalists claiming the newspaper did not have the right to include their work in the electronic archival database LexisNexis. Silverman v.
Dow Jones v. Department of Justice, F. Sotomayor's confirmation assured? Sonia Sotomayor made history on August 6, , when the U. Senate confirmed her nomination to the U.
Supreme Court. She is the third woman to become an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Her father died when she was 9 years old. Her mother, Celina, worked hard to support Sonia and her brother. Sotomayor says her mother's sacrifices made her professional success possible.
There, she was an editor of the prestigious Yale Law Journal before earning a law degree in She then moved to the private sector, where she litigated international commercial matters at a prominent law firm. She rose to become a partner in the firm. In , President George H. Bush appointed her to the U.
She served in that position until From to , Sotomayor served as a judge on the U. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
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